A Case of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Repair / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We describe a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in an 88-year-old woman who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient developed cardiac arrest shortly after the surgery. Following immediate resuscitation, her electrocardiogram showed extensive ST segment elevation in leads V2-V6, and echocardiography revealed apical akinesis with basal hyperkinesis. Emergency coronary angiography confirmed the absence of coronary lesions, and she was diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Her cardiac function improved within a few days following the administration of catecholamines. Although EVAR is a less invasive surgical procedure, it may trigger Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are essential to treat critical conditions in the acute phase.

Takotsubo syndrome

Takotsubo syndrome is a reversible acute heart failure frequently precipitated by an emotional or physical stress. The clinical presentation resembles acute coronary syndrome. Pathogenesis is complex and may involve brain-heart axis and neuro-hormonal stunning of the myocardium. Coronary angiography reveals normal epicardial arteries with no obstruction or spasm. NT-ProBNP maybe remarkably elevated. Regional wall motion akinesia (RWMA) of left ventricle extends beyond the territory of one coronary artery. Reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and RWMA recover in 6–12 weeks. Prognosis is generally good. Recent meta-analysis shows in-hospital mortality of 1–4.5% and recurrence rate of 5–10% during five year follow-up.

Miocardiopatía Takotsubo postparto: parto distócico como posible factor desencadenante / Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: dystocic labor as a possible triggering factor

La miocardiopatía Takotsubo, o miocardiopatía por estrés, se define como una disfunción del segmento apical del ventrículo izquierdo, aguda, transitoria y reversible. Normalmente se relaciona con algún tipo de agente estresante, ya sea físico o emocional, pudiendo confundirse este cuadro con un síndrome coronario agudo. Se considera una patología rara, pero que es importante incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial de los trastornos cardiacos, sospechándolo previamente por la sintomatología. Está caracterizado por alteraciones en el electrocardiograma, como elevación del segmento ST en derivaciones precordiales e inversión de la onda T, elevación de las enzimas de necrosis miocárdica o patrones alterados en la ecocardiografía, como la disfunción ventricular apical con hiperquinesia de zonas basales. En cuanto a la fisiopatología, parece que la estimulación simpática juega un papel importante, en el que la disfunción ventricular se desencadena por algún tipo de estrés físico o emocional. Éste provoca una descarga de catecolaminas con un efecto cardiotóxico debido, en su mayor parte, al efecto del adenosín monofosfato cíclico. El tratamiento consiste en las medidas soporte de una miocardiopatía, evitando los fármacos teratogénicos o perjudiciales durante el periodo de lactancia. La evolución es favorable en la mayoría de los casos y el cuadro remite por completo, por lo que el pronóstico en líneas generales se considera bueno. En este trabajo se expone el caso de un parto instrumentado, en el que se manifiesta un cuadro compatible con una miocardiopatía Takotsubo, posiblemente relacionado con un procedimiento invasivo como factor desencadenante.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or stress cardiomyopathy is defined as an acute, transient, and reversible dysfunction of the apical segment of the left ventricle. It is usually associated with some sort of stressor, whether physical or emotional, and could be confused with an acute coronary syndrome. It is considered a rare disease, so it is important to include it in the differential diagnosis, previously suspecting the symptoms. It is characterized by alterations in the electrocardiogram such as ST segment elevation and inversion of the T wave in precordial leads, elevation of myocardial necrosis enzymes, or altered patterns on echocardiography such as apical ventricular dysfunction with hyperkinesia of basal areas. Regarding the pathophysiology, it seems that sympathetic stimulation plays an important role, in which ventricular dysfunction is triggered by some kind of physical or emotional stress. This causes a release of catecholamines with cardiotoxic effects due, mostly, to the effect of cyclic AMP. Treatment involves cardiomyopathy supportive care, avoiding teratogenic or harmful drugs during lactation. The evolution is favorable in most cases and the clinical picture abates completely, so the prognosis is generally considered good. In this paper, we expose a case of an instrumental labor in which a clinical picture compatible with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is presented, triggered by an invasive procedure.

Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo como diagnóstico diferencial del infarto del miocardio / Tako-Tsubo Syndrome as Myocardial Infarction Differential Diagnosis

El síndrome de corazón roto, o mejor conocido mundialmente como Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo, es fácilmente confundido -por su presentación clínica- con un evento coronario agudo en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El paciente que lo padece presenta síntomas similares a un infarto agudo de miocardio: dolor torácico anginoso, cambios del segmento ST y de la onda T en las derivaciones precordiales y elevación de biomarcadores de daño miocárdico. El sello distintivo de esta rareza clínica es la disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo con discinesia transitoria de los segmentos medio apicales en ausencia de enfermedad coronaria significativa. Afortunadamente, estos pacientes tienen buen pronóstico y la recuperación total ocurre en pocos días o semanas. Se describe el caso clínico de una mujer posmenopáusica que fue atendida por infarto agudo de miocardio extenso de cara anterior; no se encontraron lesiones coronarias significativas, y la ventriculografía mostró balonamiento medioapical del ventrículo izquierdo, característico de esta entidad. La paciente tuvo una recuperación completa de la función sistólica a los dos meses de seguimiento(AU)

Broken heart syndrome, or worldwide better known as Tako-Tsubo syndrome, is easily confused with an acute coronary event in postmenopausal women because of its clinical presentation. The patient presents symptoms similar to an acute myocardial infarction: anginal chest pain, ST segment and T wave changes in precordial leads and elevation of biomarkers of myocardial damage. The hallmark of this clinical rarity is systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle with transient dyskinesia of the mid apical segments in the absence of significant coronary disease. Fortunately, these patients have a good prognosis and full recovery occurs in a few days or weeks. We describe the clinical case of a postmenopausal woman who was attended by an acute myocardial infarction of the anterior face; no significant coronary lesions were found, and ventriculography showed left ventricular midapical ballooning which is characteristic of this entity. On follow-up the patient had complete recovery of the systolic function(AU)

Síndrome de Takotsubo: experiencia en tres instituciones de la ciudad de Córdoba / Takotsubo Syndrome: experience in three institutions of Cordoba City

Takotsubo es una miocardiopatía adquirida que se caracteriza por la aparición transitoria de acinesia o discinesia antero-apical del ventrículo izquierdo, síntomas y cambios electrocardiográficos que simulan un síndrome coronario agudo, leve elevación de enzimas cardíacas y coronarias sin lesiones ateroscleróticas significativas. Afecta predominantemente a mujeres post menopáusicas y frecuentemente es precedido por situaciones de estrés físico o psicológico. La fisiopatología no ha sido completamente dilucidada pero existe consenso sobre el papel central de la descarga masiva de catecolaminas, secundaria a dichas situaciones de estrés, como mecanismo desencadenante. Se presentan 32 casos diagnosticados en tres instituciones de Córdoba. La edad promedio fue 61 años, el 28 (88%) fueron mujeres, y todos se presentaron simulando síndromes coronarios agudos. Doce pacientes (37.5%) evolucionaron con insuficiencia cardíaca y dos (6%) desarrollaron shock cardiogénico. La función ventricular se normalizó más rápidamente que los cambios electrocardiográficos. La tasa de recurrencia fue del 25%. El pronóstico fue benigno, ya que solo se produjo una muerte como consecuencia de una recidiva. Estos hallazgos son, en general, similares a los publicados en la literatura. También se analizaron recientes progresos sobre la fisiopatología de esta miocardiopatía que permitieron desarrollar un planteo racional de tratamiento.

Takotsubo Syndrome is an acquired cardiomyopathy characterized by a transient left ventricular antero-apical asynergy or disynergy (apical ballooning), symptoms and electrocardiographic changes are suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome, moderate cardiac enzymatic release and absence of significant atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries. It predominantly affects postmenopausal women and it is frequently preceded by situations of physical or psychological stress. The physiopathology is not completely understood but there is consensus that it is triggered by a surge of catecholamines consequent to the aforementioned stress conditions. The study of 32 cases diagnosed at three medical institutions in Córdoba, Argentina, is reported. The mean age was 61 years, and 28 were female. All cases simulated acute coronary syndromes. Congestive heart failure developed in twelve cases (37.5%) and two patients (6.3%) developed cardiogenic shock. The left ventricular function normalized more rapidly than the electrocardiographic changes. The recurrence rate was 25%, the prognosis was benign considering that only one death occurred following a relapse. In general the findings are similar to previously published studies. Recent advances in the comprehension of the physiopathology of this cardiomyopathy gave way to the development of a rational therapeutic approach.

Characteristic of Electrocardiogram for Female Patients with Apical Ballooning Syndrome / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) in female patients in China. Methods 50 female cases of ABS patients from medical periodicals in China were analyzed. Results 50 patients were in sinus rhythm, 98% patients were abnormal in ECG. ST segment elevated in 85.7% of them, ranged 0.1-0.8 mV, and came down in 30 min-2 weeks. T wave inversion was found in 42% of them, 24% with pathological Q wave, which disappeared in 6 hours-1 month. 28% showed QT interval prolongated, 38% complicated with arrhythmia. Conclusion The abnormal ECG is common in female patients with ABS, which is transient and reversible.

Characteristic of Electrocardiogram for Female Patients with Apical Ballooning Syndrome / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) in female patients in China. Methods 50 female cases of ABS patients from medical periodicals in China were analyzed. Results 50 patients were in sinus rhythm, 98% patients were abnormal in ECG. ST segment elevated in 85.7% of them, ranged 0.1-0.8 mV, and came down in 30 min-2 weeks. T wave inversion was found in 42%of them, 24%with pathological Q wave, which disappeared in 6 hours-1 month. 28%showed QT interval prolongated, 38%complicated with arrhythmia. Conclusion The abnormal ECG is common in female patients with ABS, which is transient and reversible.

A Case of Persistent Apical Ballooning in a Patient with SLE

Apical ballooning syndrome (ABS), also referred to as stress cardiomyopathy, is characterized by acute left ventricular dysfunction following a stressful situation. Diagnosis of ABS is made in the following scenarios: transient hypokinesia or dyskinesia of the left ventricular segment, absence of obstructive coronary disease, new electrocardiogram abnormalities, absence of recent significant head trauma, pheochromocytoma, myocarditis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Prognosis is usually favorable since the wall motion abnormality returns to normal within days, and certainly within the first month. We encountered a case of SLE with apical ballooning on echocardiography in a 44-year-old woman. She was suffering from severe left ventricular dysfunction that has persisted on 5 year follow-up echocardiography. We report this case along with a review of the relevant literature.

A Case of Persistent Apical Ballooning Complicated by Apical Thrombus in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which is also known as "transient apical ballooning", is a cardiac syndrome associated with emotional and physical stress that occurs in postmenopausal women. It may mimic acute coronary syndrome but coronary angiography reveals normal epicardial coronary arteries. The prognosis is favorable with the normalization of wall motion abnormalities within weeks. We report a case of persistent apical ballooning complicated by an apical thrombus in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy of systemic lupus erythematous patient. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may not be always transient and left ventricular thrombus can occur in the disease course as our patient.

Quantitative evaluation of left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (LVABS) quantitatively by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) and its correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Methods 7patients with LVABS were enrolled in this study.The images of left ventricle in full volume mode were obtained by RT-3DE in the different time (just after admission,4 weeks and 8 weeks).Post-processing software of 4D LV Volume Tom-Tec was used for calculation of EF and 16-segmental time-volume curves was obtained.The time to the point with minimal systolic volume(Tmsv) of each segment was calculated and by which the following indexes of systolic dyssynchrony were derived:Tmsv16-SD/Dif,Tmsv-basalSD/Dif,Tmsv-mid-SD/Dif and Tmsv-apical-SD/Dif.The correlation between systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) and LVEF was analysed.Results ① The Tmsv16-SD/Dif,Tmsv-basal-SD/Dif,Tmsv-mid-SD/Dif and Tmsv apical-SD/Dif of left ventricle in the patients of 4 weeks and 8 weeks were smaller than those of the patients just after admission.There were significant differences among them(all P ＜0.05).②The more SDI increased,the more LVEF decreased,and vice versa.SDI was negatively associated with LVEF in the different time of admission (just after admission:r =-0.758; 4 weeks:r =-0.831 ; 8 weeks:r =-0.889;all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony of severe degree is observed in patients with LVABS just after admission.But the condition of dyssynchrony has been improved gradually after 4 weeks and 8 weeks.SDI is negatively correlated with LVEF.

Diagnosis and treatment of apical ballooning syndrome complicated with asthma: A case report and literature review / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To improve our knowledge on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) complicated with asthma. Methods and results A 73 year-old female patient, with a 10-year history of asthma and a 4-year history of recurrent chest distress, was admitted due to chest distress, cough for 15 days and chest pain for 7 hours. Coronary arteriography during emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) showed a 40% stenosis in the anterior descending artery, and stenosis was not found in other vessels. Left ventriculographic showed apical ballooning, echocardiography showed a 3 5% left ventricular ejection fraction, and the patient was diagnosed as having ABS with asthma. The cardiac function gradually recovered after symptomtargeted treatment. Literatures showed that it was difficult to distinguish between ABS and acute myocardial infarction i the treatments and prognoses of them were very different. When acute lett ventricular failure was complicated withABS and asthma, it was difficult to distinguish from pulmonary asthma and the treatment was very different. Conclusion Clinicians should improve the knowledge of ABS and put more emphasis on differential diagnosis so as to make the right treatment decision.

Diagnosis and treatment of apical ballooning syndrome complicated with asthma: A case report and literature review / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To improve our knowledge on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) complicated with asthma. Methods and results A 73 year-old female patient, with a 10-year history of asthma and a 4-year history of recurrent chest distress, was admitted due to chest distress, cough for 15 days and chest pain for 7 hours. Coronary arteriography during emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) showed a 40% stenosis in the anterior descending artery, and stenosis was not found in other vessels. Left ventriculographic showed apical ballooning, echocardiography showed a 3 5% left ventricular ejection fraction, and the patient was diagnosed as having ABS with asthma. The cardiac function gradually recovered after symptomtargeted treatment. Literatures showed that it was difficult to distinguish between ABS and acute myocardial infarction i the treatments and prognoses of them were very different. When acute lett ventricular failure was complicated withABS and asthma, it was difficult to distinguish from pulmonary asthma and the treatment was very different. Conclusion Clinicians should improve the knowledge of ABS and put more emphasis on differential diagnosis so as to make the right treatment decision.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy during ambulatory anesthesia for bladder hydrodistension therapy: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also referred to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome presents in perioperative period. We demonstrated a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy recognized after general anesthesia for bladder hydrodistension therapy as ambulatory surgery, which we surmise was due to inadequate blockage of surgical stress and sympathetic discharge against noxious stimulus during ambulatory anesthesia.

Enfermedad del corazón roto o síndrome de Tako Tsubo / Disease of broken heart or tako tsubo syndrome

El síndrome de Tako Tsubo es una entidad clínica de aturdimiento miocárdico intenso, secundario a una liberación suprafisiológica de catecolaminas; dicha situación se desata luego de un evento estresante previo, simulando un síndrome coronario agudo, pero con la confirmación diagnóstica la angiografía coronaria denota permeabilidad de las arterias que descarta el evento isquémico y se muestra igualmente el balonamiento del ápice cardíaco en sístole, la cual confirma esta patología. Se presenta un caso manejado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Departamental Universitario del Quindío San Juan de Dios, institución de tercer nivel, en la ciudad de Armenia, Quindío, Colombia...

Tako Tsubo syndrome is an entity characterized by intense myocardial stunning secondary to a supraphysiological catecholamine release. Such situation usually presents itself after a stressful event to the patient and has a similar clinical presentation as an acute coronary syndrome (with findings of electrocardiogram alterations and elevation of cardiac enzymes), but at the time of an angiographic confirmation of the diagnosis there is permeability of the coronary arteries and there is a characteristic systolic ballooning of the left ventricular apex, which in turn confirms the diagnosis of the pathology. A case report which took place at the “Hospital Departamental Universitario del Quindío San Juan de Dios” in the city of Armenia, Quindío (Colombia) is presented in this article...

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Case of Persistent Apical Ballooning Complicated by an Apical Mural Thrombus

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is an infrequent cardiac syndrome characterized by acute onset chest pain with apical ballooning on echocardiography. It is often triggered by severe emotional or physical stress, and in contrast to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the regional wall motion abnormality returns to normal within days. Here, we describe a 62-year-old female who presented with acute onset chest pain during treatment for a liver abscess. We presumed a diagnosis of AMI because of ST segment elevation on electrocardiography and elevated cardiac enzyme levels. However, the patient's coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and apical ballooning was seen on echocardiography. A diagnosis of TTC was made, and the patient was managed with intensive cardiopulmonary support using vasopressors in our hospital's medical intensive care unit. The patient's symptoms improved, but persistent severe left ventricular dysfunction was detected on follow-up echocardiography. After 5 weeks, a new apical mural thrombus appeared, and anticoagulation therapy was started. The apical ballooning persisted 3 months later, although the patient's overall ejection fraction was slightly improved. The apical thrombus was completely resolved without any embolic event. Non-adrenergic inotropics can be recommended in TTC with shock, and clinicians should keep in mind the potential risk of thrombus formation and cardioembolism.

A Case of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Manifestation as Apical Ballooning Syndrome

Critical ill patients with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A are associated with mortality, including cardiovascular, respiratory and renal dysfunction. Understanding of risk factor and clinical manifestation that suggest a higher mortality can recognize high risk patients earlier. There are many reports for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and renal failure with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A. But cardiovascular disease with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A remains unknown. This is the report of pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A association with apical balloning syndrome.

Case of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy following Pacemaker Implantation

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also called apical ballooning syndrome or stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is a unique reversible cardiomyopathy that is frequently precipitated by a stressful event, and is described as a typical form of acute transient left ventricular dysfunction. The classic situation is postmenopausal women presenting with chest pain or dyspnea. The overall prognosis is favorable. We report a case of a 75-year-old female patient who came to our hospital with dizziness, which was found to be caused by transient apical ballooning following permanent pacemaker implantation.

A Case of Consecutive Right and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

An acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and the apical ballooning syndrome (ABS) are both critical and need proper management during the acute stage. We experienced a case of recurrent severe dyspnea because serious right ventricular dysfunction due to PE and left ventricular dysfunction due to ABS occurred consecutively in the short-term and bedside echocardiography has an important role in management in acute settings.

A case of transient mid-ventricular ballooning syndrome / 대한내과학회지

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome is also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and this is characterized by transient wall-motion abnormalities involving the left ventricular apex without significant stenosis on the coronary angiogram. We report here on a new variant of transient left ventricular ballooning in which only the mid-ventricle was affected. The patient initially presented with dyspnea and she had wall-motion abnormalities involving the mid-ventricle with hypercontractility of the apical and basal segments in the absence of a significant coronary artery stenosis. Emotional or physical stress or other preceding triggering factors might play a key role in this cardiomyopathy, but the precise etiology remains unknown. So far, the cases of this syndrome have been reported only among the North America Caucasian population and the Japanese population.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Related to Emotional Stress: a Case Report

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning is characterized by transient wall motion abnormalities involving the left ventricular apex and mid-ventricle in the absence of coronary arterial occlusion. A 66-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with chest pain that mimicked acute myocardial infarction. An aortogram showed akinesis from the mid to apical left ventricle with sparing of the basal segments. Four days later, she underwent MRI, which demonstrated characteristic apical contractile dysfunction, the same as the aortogram, without evidence of myocardial infarction on the MRI. Two weeks later, her symptoms were resolved and follow-up echocardiography showed normal ventricular function.